An underbite, also known as a Class III malocclusion, is a common dental condition characterized by the lower teeth overlapping the upper teeth when the mouth is closed. This can lead to a range of issues, including difficulty speaking and eating, jaw pain and discomfort, and self-consciousness about appearance. Crossbite can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, and if left untreated, can lead to more severe complications, such as tooth wear and tear, TMJ disorders, and low self-esteem.
To know more about underbite, read this informative blog curated by the Irving orthodontist.
Types of underbites
There are three main types of underbites:
- Mild Underbite: The lower teeth slightly overlap the upper teeth, but the bite is still functional, and the teeth are only slightly misaligned.
- Moderate Underbite: The lower teeth noticeably overlap the upper teeth, causing some difficulty with speech, eating, and jaw function.
- Severe Underbite: The lower teeth significantly overlap the upper teeth, causing significant difficulty with speech, eating, and jaw function, and can lead to more severe complications if left untreated.
Additionally, underbites can be classified into two categories based on the cause:
- Dental Underbite: Caused by the misalignment of teeth, which can be treated with orthodontic treatment.
- Skeletal Underbite: Caused by a discrepancy in the growth of the upper and lower jaws, which may require surgical treatment to correct.
Causes of underbite
Here is a list of potential causes of underbite:
- Genetics: Inherited traits can affect the shape and size of the jaw and teeth.
- Thumb Sucking: Prolonged thumb sucking can push the lower teeth forward.
- Early Loss of Baby Teeth: Losing baby teeth too early can cause permanent teeth to come in incorrectly.
- Injury: Trauma to the jaw or teeth can cause an underbite.
- Abnormal Jaw Growth: Uneven growth of the upper and lower jaws can lead to an underbite.
- Tongue Thrusting: A habit of thrusting the tongue forward can push the lower teeth forward.
- Poor Oral Habits: Habits like nail biting or pen chewing can contribute to an underbite.
Symptoms of underbite
Symptoms of underbite include:
- Difficulty Speaking: Underbites can cause speech difficulties, such as a lisp or trouble pronouncing certain words.
- Difficulty Eating: Underbites can make it hard to chew and swallow food properly.
- Jaw Pain: Underbites can cause strain on the jaw joint, leading to pain and discomfort.
- Tooth Wear: Underbites can cause uneven tooth wear, leading to chipping or cracking of teeth.
- Self-Consciousness: Underbites can affect self-esteem and confidence due to their appearance.
- Breathing Difficulties: Severe underbites can cause breathing difficulties, especially during sleep.
- TMJ Disorders: Underbites can contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and pain.
Treatment for underbite
Treatment for underbite depends on the severity and cause of the condition. Options include:
- Orthodontic Treatment: Braces or clear aligners to move teeth into proper alignment.
- Surgical Treatment: Surgery to correct jaw alignment and improve bite.
- Dental Restorations: Crowns or veneers to improve tooth appearance.
- Orthognathic Surgery: Corrects jaw alignment and improves bite.
- Growth Modification: Treatment for children to guide jaw growth and development.
- Retainers: Worn after orthodontic treatment to maintain alignment.
- Habit Appliances: Devices to help break habits like thumb sucking or tongue thrusting.
- Jaw Exercises: Exercises to improve jaw alignment and strength.
Surgical options:
- Upper Jaw Expansion: Expands the upper jaw to improve alignment.
- Lower Jaw Advancement: Moves the lower jaw forward to improve alignment.
- Chin Surgery: Augments or reduces the chin to improve facial balance.
An underbite can affect not only the appearance of the teeth but also the overall quality of life. Early detection and treatment can improve the alignment of the teeth and jaw, reducing the risk of complications. If you suspect you or your child has an underbite, consult an orthodontist or dentist for proper evaluation and treatment.
